Recommended Third-party Due Diligence Sources

Pennsylvania Legislative Budget and Finance Committee Report (1/22/13) - A Cost Effective Alternative Approach to Meeting Pennsylvania's Chesapeake Bay Nutrient Reduction Targets

Pennsylvania Legislative Budget and Finance Committee Report - Summary

Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI - World Water Week) (8/21/12) - Feeding a Thirsty World: Challenges and Opportunities for a Water and Food Secure Future

Chesapeake Bay Commission/RTI International (5/10/12) - Nutrient Credit Trading for the Chesapeake Bay - An Economic Study

Environmental Working Group (4/6/12) - Troubled Waters: Farm Pollution Threatens Drinking Water

National Association of Clean Water Agencies (3/6/12 released) - Controlling Nutrient Loadings to U.S. Waterways: An Urban Perspective

Ecological Society of America (1/7/12) - Excess Nitrogen in the U.S. Environment: Trends, Risks, and Solutions

Environmental Integrity Fund (2011) - Hazardous Pollution from Factory Farms: An Analysis of EPA's National Air Emissions Monitoring Study Data

Food and Water Watch/CA Sportfishing Protection Alliance (2011) - What's in the Water? Industrial Dairies, Groundwater Pollution and Regulatory Failure in California's Central Valley

National Academy of Sciences (et al) - Improving Water Quality in the Mississippi River Basin and Northern Gulf of Mexico: Strategies and Priorities (2010)

National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program (2010) - USGS Circular 1350: Nutrients in the Nation's Streams and Groundwater | Nutrients remain elevated in the Nation's streams and groundwater (Map); Nitrate in Shallow Ground Water (Map); Phosphorus and Nitrogen Delivery to the Gulf of Mexico (Map);

National Science and Technology Council (2010) - Scientific Assessment of Hypoxia in U.S. Coastal Waters

Environmental Law & Policy Center/Mississippi River Collaborative (2010) - Cultivating Clean Water

World Resources Institute (2010) - How Nutrient Trading Could Help Restore the Chesapeake Bay

National Geographic Society (2010) - Marine Habitat Destruction

Cornell Nutrition Conference (2009) - "Demystifying the environmental sustainability of food production"

USDA ERS (2009) - The Transformation of U.S. Livestock Agriculture: Scale, Efficiency, and Risks

General Accountability Office (2008) - Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: EPA Needs More Information and a Clearly Defined Strategy to Protect Air and Water Quality from Pollutants of Concern

Metcalf & Eddy Report (2008) - PA Chesapeake Bay Tributary Strategy Compliance Cost Study

Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production (2008) - "Pew Commission Says Industrial Scale Farm Animal Production Poses "Unacceptable" Risks to Public Health, Environment"

UNESCO, UNEP (2008) - "Livestock in a Changing Landscape"

Chesapeake Bay Foundation Report (2006) - "Manure's Impact on Rivers, Streams and the Chesapeake Bay"

Pew Oceans Commission (2003) - "America's Living Oceans: Summary Report - Recommendations for a New Ocean Policy" Major Threats to Our Oceans: Animal Feedlots

News and Articles

April 3, 2013 - New York Daily News – Meat labels will include where animal was born and slaughtered, irking Canada and Mexico

March 29, 2013 - Food Safety News – Livestock-to-Human MRSA Transmission Confirmed

March 26, 2013 - Washington Post – EPA report: More than half nation’s rivers in poor shape

March 26, 2013 - Colorado State University – Managing Livestock Ammonia: A Volatile, Promiscuous Fugitive In the Atmosphere

March 7, 2013 - Epoch Times – World’s Seas Must Go on ‘Pollution Diet,’ Says Biologist: Oxygen depletion creating dead zones

March 15, 2013 - Wall Street Journal – Iowa is Pushed to Combat Farm Pollution

March 14, 2013 - New York Times – Spring Rain, Then Foul Algae in Ailing Lake Erie

March 7, 2013 - Greenwire – Washington dairies agree to reduce nitrate contamination

March 1, 2013 - William and Mary – [Our Nutrient World] Diaz co-authors UN report on nutrient threats and benefits

February 1, 2013 - WaterWorld – Staying Competitive: Could Water Quality Trading be a Solution?

January 31, 2013 - WaterWorld – PA Legislature releases significant report on benefits of nutrient reduction program

January 14, 2013 - InsideEPA - CAFOs Lose Key State Court Appeal Over Water Permits For Air Emissions

January 8, 2013 - Forbes - Want To Take A Look At The Antibiotics In Your Meat? Here's Your Chance

January 5, 2013 - Peoples Daily-China - Livestock and poultry breeding pollution underestimated

December 16, 2012 - NY Times (Opinion – NRDC) - Antibiotics in Livestock

December 14, 2012 - Magic Valley Times-News - Officials Promote water quality trading to reduce pollution

December 13, 2012 - Baltimore Sun - Nutrient-trading programs can reduce bay pollution

December 13, 2012 - National Hog Farmer - Iowa Proposes Nutrient Reduction Strategy

November 15, 2012 - Capital Press - Battles continue over EPA ammonia, dust regs

October 30, 2012 - Science Daily - Agriculture and Food Production Contribute Up to 29 Percent of Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions

October 18, 2012 - Farm Futures - U.S. Rep Pushes For Farm Animal Antibiotic Legislation

October 15, 2012 - Science Daily - Protecting and Restoring the Great Lakes

October 11, 2012 - redOrbit - Proximity To Livestock Spreads Pathogens Like MRSA

October 5, 2012 - NY Times - Worrisome Measure of Decline at Great Barrier Reef

October 2, 2012 - HeraldExtra (from Washington Post) - Market approach to saving Chesapeake Bay worth exploring

October 1, 2012 - BeefDaily - Consumers Vote With Their Wallets

October 2012 - BayJournal - VA watershed plan ignores largest source of nutrients, targets smaller sectors

September 25, 2012 - Bloomberg - McDonald's Wants to Know Whether Its Beef Is Sustainable

September 19, 2012 - ScienceDaily - Carbon Dioxide from Water Pollution, as Well as Air Pollution, May Adversely Impact Oceans

August 30, 2012 - USGS - Increased Sediment and Nutrients Delivered to Bay as Susquehanna Reservoirs Near Sediment Capacity

August 21, 2012 - Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) - SIWI report outlines major threats and opportunities for water and food security

August 16, 2012 - Gazette.net (Maryland) - Frederick County Fears Price Tag of Bay Cleanup

August 15, 2012 - Waste Management World - Biofuel Only Viable from Renewable Waste - But There's Not Enough

August 14, 2012 - Science Daily - Potent Human Toxins Prevalent in Canada's Freshwaters

June 6, 2012 - Univ of Illinois PR - Team determines how estrogens persist in dairy farm wastewater

May 10, 2012 - Waterworld - NACWA applauds USDA Water Quality Initiative but calls on Congress to weigh in on nutrients

May 10, 2012 - RTI International (press release) - Water Quality Trading Could Significantly Reduce Chesapeake Bay Cleanup Costs, Study Finds

May 7, 2012 - Washington Post - Ammonia emissions from Calif. dairy herds contribute heavily to smog, study says

May 4, 2012 - Baltimore Sun - Bay pollution trading stirs mixed feelings

April 12, 2012 - Environmental Working Group - Poor Farming Practices Foul Drinking Water at the Source (EWG Report: New Farm Bill Must Protect Source Water)

April 1, 2012 - Virginia.gov - Governor McDonnell Announces Submission of Phase II of Virginia Plan to Clean Up Chesapeake Bay

March 22, 2012 - Baltimore Sun - A Big Cleanup

March 14, 2012 - NY Daily News - Lawsuits against EPA target nutrients in US waters

March 13, 2012 - Natural Resources Defense Council Staff Blog - Chicago and the Gulf Dead Zone: NRDC Lawsuits Address Downstream Damage

March 13, 2012 - FresnoBee - UC Study: Cropland Threatens Drinking Water for 250,000 in Valley

March 6, 2012 - Healthy Waters Coalition (including NACWA) - Healthy Waters Coalition Urges Congress to Act on Nutrient Run-Off

Jan 28, 2012 - Barrons - Cattle Futures Beef Up

Jan 20, 2012 - MarketWatch - Food security is a good investment for the future

Jan 21, 2012 - Lancaster Farming - Nutrient Trading Slow, but DEP Sees Big Potential

Jan 7, 2012 - Woods Hole Research Center - New report reviews U.S. nitrogen pollution impacts & solutions

Dec 15, 2011 - Yakima Herald - Study Connects Large-Scale Dairies, Feedlots to Increased Air Pollution

Nov 16, 2011 - FoodBev.com - FrieslandCampina and Unilever support sustainable dairy

Oct 3, 2011 - Sacramento Bee - Good Water Gone Bad

Sept 30, 2011 - Echo Press - What Is In Our Water - Part 2

Sept 28, 2011 - Echo Press - What Is In Our Water - Part 1

Sept 28, 2011 - WOWK-13 - Cap and Trade for Nutrients Coming to Ohio River Valley

Sept 26, 2011 - US EPA - U.S. EPA Orders 13 Chino Dairies to Control Manure Runoff

Sept 25, 2011 - Richmond Times-Dispatch - Bay's restoration makes environmental, economic sense

Sept 7, 2011 - USGS - New USGS Database Provides Models on Excessive Nutrients in Rivers

August 9, 2011 - Chemical & Engineering News - No Progress In Nitrate Cleanup Of Mississippi River

June 14, 2011 - Science Daily - Major Flooding on the Mississippi River Likely to Cause Large Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone

June 2, 2011 - NY Times - Chemicals in Farm Runoff Rattle States on the Mississippi

May 31, 2011 - LA Times (Op Ed) - Wal-Mart's green hat

April 29, 2011 - GreenBiz.com - Smithfield Foods and the Quest for Large-Scale, Sustainable Pork

April 18, 2011 - InsideEPA.com - EPA Modeling Raises Fears Over Strict Mississippi River Nutrient Limits

April 11, 2011 - Science Daily - Excessive Nitrogen Harms the Economy and Environment: First Europe-Wide Assessment Published

March 9, 2011 - Washington Post - Report: Excessive nutrients damaging Great Lakes

March 9, 2011 - PRNewswire - EIP: Unregulated Factory Farm Air Pollution at Some Sites Now Dirtier than America's Most Polluted Cities

February 24, 2011 - Food and Water Watch - Out of Sight, California's Groundwater Disaster is Also Out of Mind

February 23, 2011 - DTN Progressive Farmer - EPA Seen Likely to Use Bay as Model in Other Regions

February 14, 2011 - University of Queensland Australia - Acid oceans demand greater reef care

February 14, 2011 - Science Daily - World Phosphorous Use Crosses Critical Threshold

January 7, 2011 - High Plains/Midwest Ag Journal - EPA and the Chesapeake Bay

January 5, 2011 - BizReport - Report: Brands must advertise sustainability efforts

December 31, 2010 - AGJOURNAL.COM - Unusually high nitrogen levels found in Colorado's Front Range

December 23, 2010 - SteubenCourier.com - Reed: EPA watershed rules are 'crippling'

December 22, 2010 - Manufacturing and Business Technology - What The Food Safety Modernization Act Means To You

December 22, 2010 - The Farm Gate (Univ of Illinois) - How Are We Going To Double Global Food Production Over The Next 40 Years?

December 8, 2010 - Andrea Thomas (SVP Sustainability - Walmart) - Why Sustainable Agriculture is Important to Everyone

December 4, 2010 - HometownAnnapolis.com - Bay plan: 'Strongest blueprint,' big cost

December 3, 2010 - NoFishLeft - Ocean Dead Zones Double Down: The Seas are the Limit

December 2, 2010 - Western Farm Press - Future of farming: Big acreage, high-tech, earth-friendly

November 18, 2010 - Baltimore Sun - Greens want tighter pollution limits on poultry manure

November 16, 2010 - Walmart Community - Why Sustainable Agriculture is Important to Walmart

November 2, 2010 - Waterworld - Elevated Nitrogen, Phosphorus Still Widespread in U.S. Waters

October 25, 2010 - Spiked-Online - In Defence of Factory Farming

October 20, 2010 - High Plains/Midwest Ag Journal - How Walmart's sustainability efforts could impact on-farm production

October 14, 2010 - The New York Times - Wal-Mart to Buy More Local Produce

October 14, 2010 - The National Academies Briefing before Congress - Improving Water Quality in the Mississippi River Basin and Northern Gulf of Mexico: Strategies and Priorities

September 29, 2010 - Science Daily - Worlds Rivers in 'Crisis State', Report Finds

September 23, 2010 - USGS Newsroom - Elevated Nitrogen and Phosphorus Still Widespread in Much of the Nation's Streams and Groundwater

September 3, 2010 - Office of Science and Technology Policy Executive Office of the President - New Report Warns of Expanding Threat of Hypoxia in U.S. Coastal Waters

August 12, 2010 - US EPA - Eight Beef Feedlots in Northwest Iowa Face Enforcement Actions as EPA Emphasizes Compliance with Clean Water Act

August 3, 2010 - New York Times - This Year's Gulf 'Dead Zone' Among Largest Ever

July 6, 2010 - Center for Global Food Issues - CONFINED LIVESTOCK BETTER FOR THE PLANET

July 2, 2010 - AP - Grand Lake St. Mary's Is Toxic Due To Runoff From Neighboring Farms

July 1, 2010 - US EPA - EPA Announces Next Step Toward Establishing Rigorous Pollution Diet for Chesapeake Bay

June 21, 2010 - Scientific American - Sour Showers: Acid Rain Returns--This Time It Is Caused by Nitrogen Emissions

June 14, 2010 - Environmental Protection.com - Agency Estimates $298 B Needed for Water Pollution Control

June 9, 2010 - US EPA - Three Beef Feedlots in Iowa Face Civil Enforcement Actions as EPA Continues Emphasis on Compliance with Clean Water Act

June 8, 2010 - NY Times - Amish Farming Draws Rare Government Scrutiny

May 21, 2010 - Southeast Farm Press, Looking to air to improve Chesapeake Bay

May 13, 2010 - California Watch, Nitrate contamination spreading in California communities

May 12, 2010 - US EPA, New Federal Strategy for Chesapeake Launches Major Initiatives and Holds Government Accountable for Progress

March 17, 2010 - Science Daily, Environmental and Social Impact of the 'Livestock Revolution'

March 12, 2010 - Science Daily, Aquatic 'Dead Zones' Contributing to Climate Change

March 1, 2010 - Energy Bulletin, Tracking down the public-health implications of nitrogen pollution

March 1, 2010 - Washington Post, Manure becomes pollutant as its volume grows unmanageable

February 18, 2010 - FAO report analyzes the rapidly changing global livestock production

January 15, 2010 - US EPA, EPA Proposes Standards to Protect Florida's Waters: Action would decrease amount of phosphorus and nitrogen pollution

December 18, 2009 - US EPA, EPA Releases First-Ever Baseline Study of U.S. Lakes

December 15, 2009 - USDA, Agriculture Secretary Vilsack, Dairy Producers Sign Historic Agreement to Cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 25% by 2020

December 9, 2009 - Food and Water Watch, Groups Demand Strong Groundwater Testing Program for Dairies in California's Central Valley

December 9, 2009 - National Public Radio, New Mexico Dairy Pollution Sparks 'Manure War'

December 7, 2009 - US EPA, Greenhouse Gases Threaten Public Health and the Environment

December 4, 2009 - Food and Water Watch, Nutrient credit trading program allows Harrisburg wastewater plant to meet Chesapeake Bay limits more cost effectively

November 17, 2009 - Environment News Service, EPA, Florida Agree to Limit Fertilizer, Animal Waste in State Waters

November 17, 2009 - Courier-Journal (Louisville, KY), Judge rules W. Ky. hog farm permits need reworking

October 23, 2009 - Sun Gazette, Feds 'serious' about bay cleanup

October 20, 2009 - American Farmland Trust, Multi-State Water Quality Trading Effort Launched in Ohio River Basin

October 15, 2009 - US EPA, EPA Administrator Announces Plan to Retool and Reinvigorate Clean Water Enforcement Program

October 10, 2009 - PublicOpinion.com (Chambersburg, PA), CHESAPEAKE BAY: a 'Clean Water' catastrophe - Franklin, Adams, York county farmers brace for more EPA involvement

October 8, 2009 - Bay Journal, New research finds nitrogen loads to Bay underestimated by 20%

September 25, 2009 - Minneapolis Star Tribune, Feds to fund Mississippi clean up from Minnesota to the Gulf

September 17, 2009 - New York Times, Health Ills Abound as Farm Runoff Fouls Wells

September 9, 2009 - Newsday, Bay Reports Call for more Livestock, Runoff Regs

July 7, 2009 - Baltimore Sun, Bay Pollution Called Human Peril

May 12, 2009 - Executive Order, CHESAPEAKE BAY PROTECTION AND RESTORATION

April 20, 2009 - National Public Radio, Navigating America's 'Poisoned Waters'

March 20, 2009 - Bay Journal, Report card gives Bay health a C- despite slight improvement

March 15, 2009 - Baltimore Sun, Chicken Growers Face EPA Crackdown

March 5, 2009 - Science Daily, "Nutrient Pollution Chokes Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems"

January 20, 2009 - New York Times, "States Join E.P.A. Study of Pathogens in Ohio River"

December 27, 2008 - Washington Post, "Broken Promises on the Bay"

November 24, 2008 - Environment News Service, "More Than Health Damaged by Nutrients in Drinking Water"

July 22, 2008 - Science Daily, "Air Pollution Causing Widespread and Serious Impacts to Ecosystems in Eastern United States"